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Warshadaha ethylene ee Shiinaha ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u galay muddada qaan-gaarka ah, soo-saareyaasha hoose ee ugu badan PE, ethylene oxide (EO), EG, SM, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) iyo alaabooyin kale.Sannadka 2020, shanta qaybood ee badeecadaha ayaa xisaabay ilaa 97.2% wadarta isticmaalka ethylene.Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah, qaybta ugu weyn ee isticmaalka waa PE, oo ka dhigan 63.5 boqolkiiba wadarta isticmaalka.Waxa ku xigay EO iyo EG, kuwaas oo kala ahaa 10.3% iyo 9.0% siday u kala horreeyaan (eeg sawirka 2).

1 |Isbeddelka horumarka PE: tartanka isku midka ah waa mid aad u daran, kala duwanaanshaha, horumarka-dhamaadka sare

Alaabooyinka ugu muhiimsan PE waa polyetylen cufnaanta hoose (LLDPE), polyetylen cufnaanta hoose (LDPE), cufnaanta sare ee polyetylen (HDPE) saddex qaybood.PE waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinka qiimo jaban iyo sifooyin kiimiko oo wanaagsan, waxaana si weyn loogu isticmaalaa beeraha, warshadaha iyo nolol maalmeedka.Laga soo bilaabo 2016 ilaa 2021, awoodda wax-soo-saarka PE ee gudaha ayaa sii waday inay sii korodho, iyada oo celceliska kobaca heerka 12%, oo leh wadarta wax-soo-saarka 27.73 milyan tan / sannadkii 2021.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, alaabada PE ee Shiinaha waxay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin agabka guud ee hooseeya, iyo alaabada PE-da ee ugu sareysa waxay si aad ah ugu tiirsan yihiin soo dejinta, waxaana jira dhibaatooyin dhismeed oo muuqda, kuwaas oo dheeraad ah oo ka mid ah alaabooyinka hoose iyo la'aanta alaabooyinka sare.Dhowrka sano ee soo socda, iyada oo la kordhinayo joogtada ah ee awoodda wax soo saarka gudaha ee PE, tartanka isku midka ah ayaa noqon doona mid aad u adag, iyo beddelka gudaha ee alaabada sare waa mid aad u weyn.Qaadashada alaabta metallocene polyethylene (mPE) tusaale ahaan, wakhtigan xaadirka ah baahida suuqa gudaha waa qiyaastii 1 milyan oo tan / sannadkii, iyo wax soo saarka Shiinaha ee 2020 waa kaliya ilaa 110,000 oo tan.Farqiga saadka ee weyn wuxuu kiciyaa tiro badan oo alaabooyinka mPE-da laga keeno si ay u galaan suuqa Shiinaha.Sidaa darteed, waa muhiimad weyn oo wax ku ool ah oo loogu talagalay PE si ay u horumariso jihada heer-sare iyo kala duwanaansho.

2 |Isbedelka horumarinta EO ee isdhexgalka iyo EO/EG beddelaad dabacsan

EO waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa wax soo saarka EG, iyo ganacsiyada badankoodu waxay qaataan EO/EG qalabka wax soo saarka.Intaa waxaa dheer, EO sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa wakiilka yaraynta biyaha, polyeter, jeermiska jeermiska iyo jeermiska.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, iyada oo si tartiib tartiib ah hoos ugu dhacday faa'iidada suuqa EG, inta badan cutubyada wax soo saarka EO/EG waxay bilaabeen inay u wareegaan wax soo saarka EO, oo ay ku xisaabtamaan wax soo saarka dabacsan ee labadaba, si loo hagaajiyo faa'iidooyinka dhaqaale.Awoodda wax-soo-saarka EO ayaa si aad ah u korodhay, laakiin horumarinta alaabooyinka hoose waxay galeen xilli cidhiidhi ah, iyo ifafaale isku mid ah iyo isku-duubni waa mid muuqda.Alaabooyinka ugu muhiimsan, sida polycarboxylic acid biyaha yareeya monomer wakiilka, surfactant iyo ethanolamine, ayaa la kulmay xaaladda awood-dhaafka ah, tartanka warshadaha waa mid daran, heerka isticmaalka awoodda ayaa la dhimay.Si tan loo sameeyo, iyada oo loo marayo isdhexgalka qaabka kor u kaca iyo horumarka hoose, waxay noqon doontaa mid waxtar leh si kor loogu qaado tartanka asaasiga ah ee shirkadaha, sida ethylene, EO, EG, oo loo dhiso monomer polyeter (sida polyetylen glycol monomethyl ether, allyl polyoxyethylene ether, methyl). allyl polyoxyethylene ether), polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants (sida aalkolada dufanka leh polyoxyethylene ether) iyo silsilad warshadeed oo dhamaystiran, Sii wad si aad u balaariso hoos, qaybaha alaabta qani ah.

3 |Tusaale ahaan: fidinta silsiladda warshadaha, qaabaynta wax-soo-saarka badeecada

EG waa goobta labaad ee codsiga ugu weyn ee ethylene.Laga soo bilaabo 2016 ilaa 2021, iyada oo la soo saaray dhowr mashruuc oo kiimikaad dhuxusha ah iyo mashruucyo isku dhafan oo sifeyn iyo kiimiko, awoodda wax soo saarka EG ayaa kordhay sannadba sanadka ka dambeeya, iyada oo wadarta wax-soo-saarka 21.452 milyan oo tan / sannadkii 2021.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, awoodda EG ayaa sii waday inay koraan, laakiin baahida hoose ayaa hoos u dhacday, awoodda xad dhaafka ah waxay noqon doontaa mid cad.Marka laga eego dhinaca dhamaadka isticmaalka, EG-keena waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro polyester, xisaabinta qaab dhismeedka isticmaalka EG ee ka badan 90%, goobta adeegsigu waa mid keliya, waxaa jira silsilad warshadeed oo gaaban oo gaaban, qaab dhismeedka alaabada ayaa la mid ah, tartan qiimo jaban. dhibaatooyin halis ah.

Mustaqbalka, waa in aan kordhino codsiga iyo horumarinta xabagta polyester unsaturated, saliid saliid, plasticizer, non-ionic surfactant, daahan, khad iyo warshadaha kale iyada oo loo marayo kordhinta silsilad warshadaha, si tartiib tartiib ah u beddelo xaaladda isticmaalka hal, samayn silsiladda warshadaha laga bilaabo wax soo saarka ilaa codsiga, wanaajiso qiimaha lagu daray alaabta, si loo yareeyo khataraha suuqa.

4 |Isbeddellada SM: awoodda ballaarinta muhiimka ah, xasilloonida warshadaha hoose

Qeybta hoose ee SM waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa soo saarista polymers styrene iyo polymers kala duwan oo ionic ah, sida polystyrene guban kara (EPS), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS), resin polyester unsaturated (UPR), styrene rubber (SBR), styrene copolymer (SBC) iyo alaabooyin kale.Waxaa ka mid ah, EPS, PS iyo ABS waxay xisaabiyaan in ka badan 70% isticmaalka SM ee Shiinaha, alaabadoodana waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa qalabka guryaha, qalabka elektaroonigga ah, baabuurta, hantida maguurtada ah iyo warshadaha kale.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, iyada oo wax soo saarka hoose ee ballaaran ee taageeraya unugyada SM ee sifaynta iyo isdhexgalka kiimikada ee Shiinaha iyo kor u kaca propylene oxide / styrene monomer (PO / SM) mashaariicda wax soo saarka, awoodda wax soo saarka SM ayaa muujisay isbeddel joogto ah oo koritaanka .Laga bilaabo 2020 ilaa 2022, awoodda wax-soo-saarka SM waxay markhaati kacday kobac degdeg ah, waxaana la filayaa in dhammaadka 2022, awoodda wax-soo-saarku ay dhaafi doonto 20 milyan oo tan / sannadkii.Iyada oo la sii daayo awoodda, qaabka saadka iyo baahida gudaha ayaa la arkay isbeddel muuqda, iyada oo soo dejinta aad hoos u dhacday iyo qadar yar oo dhoofinta saafiga ah.Maaddaama awoodda wax-soo-saarka cusub ee SM ay ka weyn tahay tan benzene saafiga ah ee 2021, alaabta ceeriin ee saafiga ah waxay ku jirtaa xaaladda sahayda gaaban, taas oo sii adkeynaysa faa'iidada wax soo saarka SM.Marka loo eego dhinaca isticmaalka, oo ka mid ah saddexda suuq ee hoose, kaliya warshadaha ABS ayaa ilaalinaya heerka hawlgalka ee sarreeya, taas oo adkeynaysa in la dheefshiido kordhinta saadka ee ay keentay awoodda wax-soo-saarka cusub ee SM.Natiijadu waxay tahay, SM waxaa saameeya iska hor imaadka u dhexeeya saadka iyo baahida iyo taageerada kharashka, xaaladda suuquna waxay muujinaysaa isbeddel baaxad leh.Suuqa ugu dambeeya, "dhaqaalaha guriga" ee uu sababay masiibada COVID-19 ayaa kor u qaaday iibinta qalabka guriga ee yar yar.Dhanka kale, xaaladda cudurku weli waa mid aad u daran oo dibadda ah, dhoofinta wax soo saarka ka hortagga cudurrada faafa iyo qaar ka mid ah qalabka guryaha ayaa ka sarreeya sidii la filayay, taas oo keentay kobaca baahida silsiladda warshadaha SM oo kor u qaaday faa'iidada.

5 |Isbedelka horumarinta PVC: tayada iyo ilaalinta deegaanka ayaa gacanta ku wada socda

PVC waa alaabtii ugu horeysay ee resin synthetic caalami ah ee dalkeena.Iyada oo ay ku jirto wax qabadkeeda aadka u wanaagsan iyo saamiga qiimaha, waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha iyo alaabada nolol maalmeedka, oo leh caabbinta xirashada aad u fiican, ololka ololka, caabbinta daxalka kiimikada iyo sifooyinka korantada.Wax soo saarka PVC inta badan wuxuu leeyahay laba nooc oo habka diyaarinta ah, mid waa habka calcium carbide, wax soo saarka ugu muhiimsan ee alaabta ceeriin waa kalsiyum carbide, dhuxusha iyo cusbo ceeriin.Shiinaha, oo ku xaddidan deeqda kheyraadka ee dhuxusha hodanka ah, saliid aan caatada ahayn iyo gaas yar, habka carbide calcium waa habka ugu muhiimsan.Geeddi-socodka wax-soo-saarka, xaddi badan oo kheyraadka biyaha cusub ah ayaa la isticmaalaa, waxaana jira cilad-xumo ay ka mid yihiin isticmaalka tamarta sare iyo wasakhowga.Marka labaad, habka ethylene, alaabta ceeriin ee ugu weyn waa batroolka.Suuqa caalamiga ah inta badan waa geeddi-socodka ethylene, oo leh tayada badeecada aad u wanaagsan, tignoolajiyada horumarsan, ilaalinta deegaanka oo dheeraad ah, iwm., waxay awood u leedahay inay bedesho habka kaarbiide calcium mustaqbalka.

Shiinaha waa wax soo saarka ugu weyn adduunka ee PVC, laakiin sidoo kale macaamiisha weyn, suuqa gudaha ayaa ku jira xaalad awood xad dhaaf ah.In hirgelinta caalamiga ah ee hadda caag ah halkii birta, balaastiig halkii istaraatijiyad alwaax, la yareeyo isticmaalka khayraadka macdanta iyo alwaax ka hooseeya asalka, xabagta PVC ayaa gaadhay horumar weyn, suuqa codsiga hoose sii wadaan si ay u ballaariyaan, in profiles caag ah, dhiig ku shubidda caafimaadka. tuubooyinka, bacaha lagu shubo dhiigga, baabuurta, alaabta xumbo iyo meelaha kale ee alaabta ayaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa.Iyada oo la dardargelinayo geeddi-socodka magaaleynta Shiinaha iyo hagaajinta xaaladaha nololeed ee dadka deggan, rajooyinka iyo shuruudaha bulshada ee ilaalinta deegaanka ayaa si joogto ah kor loogu qaadayaa.Qeybta hoose ee warshadaha PVC waxay soo gashay marxalad tartan adag oo u dhexeeya tayada iyo ilaalinta deegaanka, goobta codsiga ayaa si joogto ah loo ballaariyay iyo isbeddelka horumarinta kala duwan ayaa muuqda.

6 |horumarinta alaabta kale |

Alaabooyinka kale ee ethylene, sida ethylene - vinyl acetate, alkolada polyvinyl, vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene - copolymer aalkolada vinyl iyo ethylene - acrylic acid copolymer, epdm, iwm, xisaabaadka hadda ee kuwa yar, rajada codsiga. ee xasilloon, codsiga hadda si xoog leh u ballaariyo rajada ma arki karo, sidoo kale ma arki karo waxaa bedelay tiro badan oo hanjabaad ah.Badeecadaha polyolefin-ka sare ee gudaha guud ahaan waxaa xaddidaya caqabadaha farsamo ee ajnabiga ah, sida ethylene-α-olefin (1-butene, 1-hxene, 1-octene, iwm.) copolymer, tignoolajiyada gudaha ma qaangaarin, waxaa jira meel weyn. horumarinta.Inta badan wax soo saarka hoose ee ethylene waxay la socdaan jihada horumarka bulshada iyo dhaqaalaha iyo baahida kor u qaadida isticmaalka.Tusaale ahaan, marka la eego asalka kaarboonka ugu sarreeya iyo dhexdhexaadnimada kaarboonka, warshadaha sawir-qaadista waxay gashaa haad horumarineed oo degdeg ah, baahida loo qabo qalabka sawir-qaadista ee EVA waxay kordhin doontaa xawaare sare, iyo qiimaha suuqa ee ethylene acetate wuxuu sii wadi doonaa inuu ku socdo heer sare. .

Waxaa la filayaa in marka la gaaro 2025, awoodda wax-soo-saarka ethylene ee Shiinaha ay dhaafi doonto 70 milyan oo tan/sannadkii, taas oo asal ahaan buuxin doonta baahida gudaha, xitaa waxaa jiri kara wax dheeraad ah.Iyada oo la raacayo saamaynta siyaasadda qaran ee "laba-kontorool" ee isticmaalka tamarta, warshadaha kiimikada dhuxusha iyo warshadaha batroolka ayaa wajihi doona imtixaan adag inta lagu jiro xilliga Qorshaha Shanta Sano ee 14aad, taas oo u horseedi doonta hubanti la'aan weyn mashruuca ethylene iyadoo la isticmaalayo kheyraadka fosil sida cayriin. agabka.Marka la eego heerka ugu sarreeya ee kaarboonka iyo dhexdhexaadnimada kaarboon, shirkadaha waxaa lagula talinayaa inay si buuxda u tixgeliyaan dhimista iyo beddelka qiiqa kaarboonka marka la qorsheynayo mashaariicda noocaas ah, ku beddel tamarta fosil tamar dib loo cusboonaysiin karo iyo koronto nadiif ah, si firfircoon u baabi'inta awoodda wax-soo-saarka gadaasha oo ay yareeyaan awoodda xad-dhaafka ah, oo ay kor u qaadaan isbeddelka iyo cusboonaysiinta warshadaha.

Ethylene iyo hydrogen oo ay soo saartay mashruuca ethane dildilaaca ethylene waa alaabta ceeriin ee muhiimka ah ee looga baahan yahay suuqa gudaha, oo leh rajooyin horumarineed oo weyn iyo faa'iido xoog leh.Si aad ah ugu tiirsan soo dejinta, kheyraadka ethane gudaha, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira hal il oo ceeriin ah, sahayda tas-hiilaadka sahayda u go'an, dhibaatooyinka gaadiidka badda, sida "khatartooda", waxay soo jeedinayaan Komishanka Horumarinta iyo Dib-u-habaynta Qaranka iyo waaxaha kale ee warshadaha si loo xoojiyo hagida qorshaynta , Shirkaddu oo isku daraysa xaaladdooda dhabta ah, waxay fulisaa suurtogalnimada mashruuca, ka fogow "dajin, ku kala firirsan hubbub" mala-awaal ah.

Ethylene hoose gaar ahaan soosaarayaasha-dhamaadka sare, ayaa keeni doona meel suuqa weyn.Sida mPE, ethylene-a-olefin copolymer, polyetylen miisaanka molecular ultra-sare, alkohol kaarboon sare, polymer olefin wareeg ah iyo alaabooyin kale ayaa noqon doona diiradda suuqa.Mustaqbalka, mashaariicda cusub sida sifaynta iyo is-dhexgalka kiimikada, CTO / MTO, iyo dildilaaca ethane ayaa bixin doona alaabta ceeriin ee ethylene ku filan si loo dardargeliyo horumarinta warshadaha hoose ee ethylene jihada "kala duwanaansho, sare-sare iyo shaqeyn".